The four vital signs are:
- Body Temperature
- Pulse Rate - 12 - 18 breaths per minute
- Respiration Rate - 60 - 100 beats per minute
- Blood Pressure
The normal range for body temperature is 97.8 - 99.1 degrees Fahrenheit / average 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This is a measure of the total heat that affects one's body. Factors include muscle activity, digestion, the flow of blood, and external body temperature. Certain ill health symptoms such as fever add to body temperature. Actual illnesses like Gastro Esophageal Reflux disease add to body temperature when excess stomach acid moves from the stomach upwards to the esophagus (thus heating the heart and blood). Other ill health conditions directly lower body temperature. One example is hypothermia which is a fatal condition of overexposure to freezing temperatures.
Current environmental conditions cause extreme body temperature and can either lead to Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke. The first is caused by the decrease of electrolytes in the human body slowly stopping vital internal organs from functioning, eventually leading to coma or death. The latter is cause by shock to the heart and brain when there's lack of oxygen along with the overwork of both organs during the heat.
Blood Pressure
The normal range for blood pressure is 90/60 mm/Hg to 120/80 mm/Hg. Each measure is in the form of a fraction like combination. The first number is the systolic which measures the pressure of blood in the veins when the heart pumps. The second is the diastolic which measures the pressure of blood in the veins when the heart is at rest.
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For today's activity:
Aside from the usual post for each meeting, you will find out the following through research and make a summary report on the blog comment regarding the following:
- Difference between Pulse Rate and Respiration Rate.
- What are the implications of low and high a) Pulse Rate, b) Respiration Rate, c) Systolic), and d) Diastolic.
Jimenez, Russel John
TumugonBurahin1. Pulse rate is concerned with the number of pumps of blood while Respiration rate is concerned with the number of breaths taken.
2.a. Pulse rate - Tachycardia (high pulse rate) can mean a high electrical signals sent through the heart's muscles after a physical activity. The physical activity may have required a higher blood flow to certain parts of the body like an exercise or other physical tasks. Bradycardia (low pulse rate) are implications of a weakening of the heart muscles due to oftenly repeated Tachycardia without proper rest.
2.b. Respiration rate - Tachypnea (increased respiration rate) can be a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning (often present in a volcanic activity, bushfires, burning of crop residues, and combustion engines) which blocks the flow of oxygen to tissues and organs. Bradypnea (low respiration rate) can implicate lupus, congenital heart defects, or hypothyroidism
Garcia, Jean Therese
TumugonBurahin1. Pulse rate is the rate at which the heart beats while respiration rate is rate usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises.
2. A. (PULSE RATE) High pulse rate is when you had too much caffeine, or you ate something that didn't agree with you. But if it happens frequently, something might be wrong inside. While low pulse rate is when the organs and brain are not getting the oxygen content they need from the blood it can cause weakness, near-fainting, fainting, fatigue, dizziness, chest pains, shortness of breath, tiring easily during physical activity, memory problems and confusion.
B. (RESPIRATION RATE) There are many causes of an increased rate, some that are related to the lungs and some that are not. Some of the more common causes include: fever, dehydration, asthma and the likes. While A lowered respiratory rate, defined as a rate less than 12 by some, or less than 8 respirations per minute by others, can also be a sign of concern. Some causes of a decreased rate include: Use of narcotics, Alcohol, Metabolic and the likes.
C&D. (SYSTOLIC&DISTOLIC)systolic pressure - the pressure when your heart beats and squeezes blood into your arteries diastolic pressure - the pressure when your heart rests between beats
Already a week from posting, only Rus and Jean submitted their comments.
TumugonBurahin1. Difference between Pulse Rate and Respiration rate.
TumugonBurahinPulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood while respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute.
2. A. A high and low Pulse rate
A high pulse rate is called sinus tachycardia. For some, tachycardia causes no other symptoms or complications. In other cases, a high pulse rate can cause dizziness, shortness of breath, light headedness, palpitations, chest pain and fainting due to insufficient oxygen reaching your organs. Factors that can contribute to tachycardia include: congenital abnormalities, damage to the heart tissues due to disease or infection, drinking too much alcohol or caffeine, drug abuse or smoking, electrolyte imbalance, high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism, and medication side effects. An abnormal heartbeat can have cardiovascular effects. You may experience chest pain as well as shortness of breath. Ignoring bradycardia contributes to your heart's inability to adequately pump blood, increasing your chances of heart failure.
B. Respiration Rate
Slow Respiratory Rate
When a person's respiratory rate is slower than normal, certain conditions, such as bradypneaor apnea, may occur. Bradypnea is characterized by abnormally slow breathing, and may be the symptom of a metabolic disorder or a tumor. This condition may happen during sleep, and can be induced through the use of opiate narcotics. Apnea often occurs when a person's breathing completely stops, and can be caused by a number of conditions depending on one's age; some of the usual causes of apnea in children are asthma, bronchiolitis, gastro-esophageal reflux, seizures, or premature birth.
Fast Respiratory Rate
The opposite of apnea is tachypnea, or rapid breathing. A faster than normal respiratory rate may be caused by the flu or a cold in children, and pneumonia and asthma may also cause an increase in the rate of respiration in people of all ages. In adults, tachypnea is usually caused by asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chest pain, lung infections like pneumonia, or a pulmonary embolism.
Rapid breathing can also happen if a person begins taking rapid deep breaths that are caused by panic or anxiety — this is called hyperventilation. The terms tachypnea and hyperventilation are often used interchangeably, although hyperventilation is characterized by deeper breathing and is usually brought on by emotional stress.
C. Systolic and Diastolic
"Systolic" comes from the Greek systole meaning "a drawing together or a contraction, while "diastolic" comes from the Greek diastole meaning "a drawing apart."
Systolic it measures the amount of pressure that blood exerts on arteries and vessels while the heart is beating. On blood pressure reading the higher number is systolic pressure while the lower number is diastolic pressure. Diastolic it is the pressure that is exerted on the walls of the various arteries around the body in between heart beats when the heart is relaxed.
Martinito, Jean Buena S.
1. Difference between Pulse rate and Respiration rate
TumugonBurahinHeart or Pulse Rate, is the number of times a heart beats in a minute. Depending on an individual’s age and level of physical fitness, a normal resting pulse ranges from 60 to 80 beats per minute. Breathing or Respiration Rate is measured in a similar manner, with an average resting rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Both the pulse and breathing rate increase with exercise, maintaining a ratio of approximately 1 breath for every 4 heartbeats.
2.
A. Low/High Pulse Rate
A slow heart rate is a condition known as Bradycardia ("bray-dee-KAR-dee-uh"). A normal heart rate falls in the range of 60 to 100 beats per minute. According to scientists, a person with a slow rate, or bradycardia, has a heart that beats fewer than 60 times per minute. For some people, there are no problems with the slow heart rate. But bradycardia can cause insufficient levels of blood to reach cells that need the oxygen found in blood.
For some people, a slow heart rate does not cause any problems. It can be a sign of being very fit. Healthy young adults and athletes often have heart rates of less than 60 beats a minute. In other people, bradycardia is a sign of a problem with the heart’s electrical system. It means that the heart's natural pacemaker is not working right or that the electrical pathways of the heart are disrupted. In severe forms of bradycardia, the heart beats so slowly that it does not pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This can cause symptoms and can be life-threatening. Men and women age 65 and older are most likely to develop a slow heart rate that needs treatment. As a person ages, the electrical system of the heart often does not function normally.
A fast heart rate or one that exceeds the normal range is Tachycardia. A resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is generally accepted as tachycardia. Tachycardia can be caused by various factors which often are benign. However, tachycardia can be dangerous depending on the speed and type of rhythm. Note that if it is pathological, a tachycardia is more correctly defined as a tachyarrhythmia.
B. Low/High Respiration Rate
The Respiration Rate, also known as the ventilation rate, is the rate (frequency) of ventilation, that is, the number of breaths (inhalation-exhalation cycles) taken within a set amount of time (typically 60 seconds). A normal respiratory rate is termed Eupnea. An increased respiratory rate, however, is termed Tachypnea and a condition lower than normal respiratory rate is termed Bradypnea.
C. Systolic
When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood through the arteries to the rest of your body. This force creates pressure on the arteries. This is called Systolic Blood Pressure.
A normal systolic blood pressure is 120 or below. A systolic blood pressure of 120-139 means you have normal blood pressure that is higher than ideal, or borderline high blood pressure. Even people with this level are at a greater risk of developing heart disease.
A systolic blood pressure number of 140 or higher is considered to be Hypertension, or High Bood Pressure.
D. Diastolic
The Diastolic Blood Pressure number or the bottom number indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
A normal diastolic blood pressure number is 80 or less. A diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 is normal but higher than ideal.
A diastolic blood pressure number of 90 or higher is considered to be Hypertension or High Blood Pressure.
Sabas S.Sambo
TumugonBurahin1.The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute while t.he respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute.
2a.Pulse Rate-Tachycardia is a faster than normal heart rate. A healthy adult heart normally beats 60 to 100 times a minute when a person is at rest. If you have tachycardia (tak-ih-KAHR-de-uh), the rate in the upper chambers or lower chambers of the heart, or both, are increased significantly..Bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate. The heart usually beats between 60 and 100 times a minute in an adult at rest. If you have bradycardia (brad-e-KAHR-de-uh), your heart beats fewer than 60 times minute.
Bradycardia can be a serious problem if the heart doesn't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body.
2b Respiration rate - Tachypnea is the medical term for an increase in the rate of respiration (breathing). The normal respiratory rate is between 12 to 20 for adults. Anything over that is considered tachypnea.Dyspnea is commonly referred to as shortness of breath. It can be defined as air hunger, or the sensation of having the urge to breathe, that is caused by lack of oxygen in the bloodstream. Dyspnea is the most common symptom of COPD.
2.c Systolic-"Systolic" comes from the Greek systole meaning "a drawing together or a contraction."It measures the amount of pressure that blood exerts on arteries and vessels while the heart is beating.90 – 120 mmHg (adults); 95 mmHg (infants); 100 mmHg (6 to 9 years)As a person's age increases, so does the importance of their systolic blood pressure measurement.Systolic represents the maximum pressure exerted on the arteries.
2d. Diastolic-"Diastolic" comes from the Greek diastole meaning "a drawing apart."It is the pressure that is exerted on the walls of the various arteries around the body in between heart beats when the heart is relaxed.60 – 80 mmHg (adults); 65 mmHg (infants); 65 mmHg (6 to 9 years)Diastolic readings are particularly important in monitoring blood pressure in younger individuals.Diastolic represents the minimum pressure in the arteries.
1. Pulse rate is the number of the heartbeat in a minute while the Respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes during a one-minute period of time.
TumugonBurahin2. a.) Low/High pulse rate:
-Bradycardia is a low heart rate. If your heart beats less than 60 times a minute, it is slower than normal. For some people, a slow heart rate does not cause any problem. its a sign of being very fit. A healthy young adults and athletes often have heart rates of less than 60 beats a minute.
But in other people, bradycardia is a sign of problem with the heart's electrical system. It means that the heart's natural pacemaker is not working right or that the electrical pathways of the heart are disrupted. In severe forms of bradycardia, the heart beats so slowly that it does not pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
- Tachycardia, The heart rate too fast than the normal heart rate. the heart rate is more than 100 beats per minute. It happens when the electrical system in the heart's upper chambers fire abnormally, which interferes with electrical signals coming from the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's natural pacemaker. A series of early beats in the atria speeds up the heart rate. The rapid heartbeat does not allow enough time for the heart to fill before it contracts so blood flow to the rest of the body is compromised.
2. b.) Respiration rate:
A normal respiratory rate is eupnea, an increased respiratory rate is tachypnea and a lower than normal respiratory rate is bradypnea.
- Tachypnea is indicated by a ventilatory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute. It can be a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning in which oxygen delivery to the tissues and organs is blocked causing hypoxia and direct cellular injury.
- Bradypnea refers to an abnormally slow breathing rate. The rate at which diagnosed depends upon the age of the patient. It can cause a damage to tissues in the heart from heart attack and Congenital heart defect which is disorder present at birth.
2.c.) Systolic:
Systolic is the pressure in the arteries of your body when the heart is at full contraction.
A systolic blood pressure of 120-139 means you have normal blood pressure that is higher than ideal. But when the number of pressure is about 140 or higher it is considered to be hypertension, or high blood pressure.
2. d.)Diastolic:
Diastolic is the pressure in the arteries of your body when the heart is at full relaxation.
A normal diastolic blood pressure number is 80 or less. A diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 is normal but higher than ideal. But when the number of pressure is about 90 or higher it is considered as high blood pressure or hypertension.
Viterbo, Rosalina
TumugonBurahin1. Difference between Pulse Rate and Respiration Rate.
Pulse rate is the number of times in a minute that an artery pulsates, indicating that a heartbeat has occurred while the respiration rate, is the rate (frequency) of ventilation, that is, the number of breaths (inhalation-exhalation cycles) taken within a set amount of time (typically 60 seconds).
2. What are the implications of low and high a) Pulse Rate, b) Respiration Rate, c) Systolic), and d) Diastolic.
2a. a high pulse rate can cause dizziness, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, palpitations, chest pain and fainting due to insufficient oxygen reaching your organs.
Fatigue
Having a slow heart rate can reduce the amount of oxygen throughout the body, affecting the function of your organs. Weakness and fatigue are common symptoms as a result of this lack of adequate oxygen supply. Bradycardia can also affect your ability to sleep, which increases tiredness during the day. One common disorder that affects sleep, obstructive sleep apnea, can cause you to have an abnormally slow heart beat. Dizziness is another typical symptom of a slow heartbeat. It can lead to fainting spells in some cases due to the reduced supply of oxygen to your vital organs. Having a heart rate disorder such as an arrhythmia can cause your heart to beat too slowly. In addition to dizziness and fainting, symptoms of an arrhythmia include lightheadedness, sweating and changes to your heart rate. You may experience palpitations and feel your heart skip beats, which also affects your pulse pattern, according to the National Institutes of Health's MedlinePlus.
2b. Slow Respiratory Rate
When a person's respiratory rate is slower than normal, certain conditions, such as bradypnea or apnea, may Apnea often occurs when a person's breathing completely stops, and can be caused by a number of conditions depending on one's age; some of the usual causes of apnea in children are asthma, bronchiolitis, gastro-esophageal reflux, seizures, or premature birth.
Adults may experience apnea due to of cardiac arrest, asthma, choking, or drug overdose. Other causes of apnea that are not as common include head injuries, arrhythmias, metabolic disorders, near-drowning incidents, strokes
Fast Respiratory Rate
The opposite of apnea is tachypnea, or rapid breathing. A faster than normal respiratory rate may be caused by the flu or a cold in children, and pneumonia and asthma may also cause an increase in the rate of respiration in people of all ages. In adults, tachypnea is usually caused by asthma
3c. Rapid breathing can also happen if a person begins taking rapid deep breaths that are caused by panic or anxiety — this is called hyperventilation.
Systolic pressure. The first (top) number in a blood pressure reading, this is the amount of pressure your heart generates when pumping blood through your arteries to the rest of your body.A sudden fall in blood pressure can also be dangerous. A change of just 20 mm Hg — a drop from 110 systolic to 90 systolic, for example — can cause dizziness and fainting when the brain fails to receive an adequate supply of blood. And big plunges, especially those caused by uncontrolled bleeding, severe infections or allergic reactions, can be life-threatening.
2d. Diastolic pressure. The second (bottom) number in a blood pressure reading, this refers to the amount of pressure in your arteries when your heart is at rest between beats.
The higher the diastolic blood pressure the greater the risk for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. As people become older, the diastolic pressure will begin to decrease and the systolic blood pressure begins to rise and becomes more important. A rise in systolic blood pressure will also increase the chance for heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure
Flores, Janns Marinel M.
TumugonBurahin1. Respiration Rate is the rate (frequency) of ventilation, that is, the number of breaths taken within a set amount of time while pulse rate is the rate at which the heart beats, usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health.
2.A Low/High pulse rate - A high pulse rate, just like low blood pressure is not good as it represents a malfunction between the role of the heart and brain. The faster the heart beats, the harder it exerts effort to pump blood to the rest of your body. This can cause to knock down sign from the artery walls, hence causing blockages and ultimately heart attacks.Tachycardia is a heart rate that exceeds the normal range.Tachycardia can be caused by various factors which often are benign. However, tachycardia can be dangerous depending on the speed and type of rhythm. Note that if it is pathological, a tachycardia is more correctly defined as a tachyarrhythmia. While Low pulse rate or bradycardia means that your heart beats very slowly. For most people, a heart rate of 60 to 100 beats a minute while at rest is considered normal. If your heart beats less than 60 times a minute, it is slower than normal.
2. A. Low and High respiration rate - Slow respiration rate or Bradypnea refers to an abnormally slow breathing rate. The rate at which bradypnea is diagnosed depends upon the age of the patient. while High respiratory rate is rapid or deep breathing that can occur with anxiety or panic. It is also called overbreathing, and may leave you feeling breathless.And Tachypnea is the condition of rapid breathing. In adult humans at rest, any rate between 12-20 breaths per minute is normal and tachypnea is indicated by a ventilatory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute. tachypnea can be a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning in which oxygen delivery to the tissues and organs is blocked causing hypoxia and direct cellular injury.
2.C Systolic and diastolic- Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood. While Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting.
Sermiño, Roscha Camille O.
TumugonBurahin1. Pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute while the respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute or counting the number of breaths for one minute.
2. A.) High Pulse rate or Tachycardia - The rapid heartbeat does not allow enough time for the heart to fill before it contracts so blood flow to the rest of the body is compromised. People who are physically fatigued, who drink large amounts of coffee, who drink alcohol heavily and who smoke heavily are most likely to have high pulse rate.
Low pulse rate or Bradycardia. - the heart beats so slowly that it does not pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. People who feel dizzy or lightheaded, feel short of breath and find it harder to exercise, feel tired, Have chest pain or a feeling that your heart is pounding or fluttering (palpitations) and feel confused or have trouble concentrating are most likely to experience low pulse rate.
B.) Bradypnea - It can cause a damage to tissues in the heart from heart attack and Congenital heart defect which is disorder present at birth.
Tachypnea - It can cause a damage to tissues in the heart from heart attack.
C.)Systolic - is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. As a person's age increases, so does the importance of their systolic blood pressure measurement.
Diastolic - is the minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood. Diastolic readings are particularly important in monitoring blood pressure in younger individuals.